Implement program flow – LearnC#WithDarko

So far we have covered few basic operators and now would be good time to expand our knowledge of them. All of the operators will be tested using if statements:

public static void Main()
{
    // ! - The logical negation operator
    bool boolValue = false;
    if (!boolValue)
        Console.WriteLine("boolValue is equal to false");
    Console.WriteLine("");

    // ++ - The increment operator
    // increments valuue by 1
    // result depends on wich side of
    // variable is ++ operator placed
    double firstDoubleValue = 2.3;
    double secondDoubleValue = 7.6;

    Console.WriteLine(++firstDoubleValue);
    Console.WriteLine(firstDoubleValue);
    Console.WriteLine("");
    Console.WriteLine(secondDoubleValue++);
    Console.WriteLine(secondDoubleValue);
    Console.WriteLine("");

    // -- - the decrement operator
    // same as the increment operator
    // but this one subtracts value
    Console.WriteLine(--firstDoubleValue);
    Console.WriteLine(firstDoubleValue);
    Console.WriteLine("");
    Console.WriteLine(secondDoubleValue--);
    Console.WriteLine(secondDoubleValue);
    Console.WriteLine("");

    // < - less than operator
    if (firstDoubleValue < secondDoubleValue)
        Console.WriteLine("firstDoubleValue is lesser value");
    Console.WriteLine("");

    // > - more than operator
    if (firstDoubleValue < secondDoubleValue)
        Console.WriteLine("secondDoubleValue is lesser value");
    Console.WriteLine("");

    // > - more than operator
    int firstInt = 5;
    int secoundInt = 5;
    if (firstInt <= secoundInt)
        Console.WriteLine("both values are the same");
    Console.WriteLine("");

    if (firstInt >= secondDoubleValue)
    {
    }
    // no value will be printed

    // equal operator
    if (firstInt == secoundInt)
        Console.WriteLine("both values are the same");
    Console.WriteLine("");

    // not equal operator
    if (firstDoubleValue == secondDoubleValue)
        Console.WriteLine("both values are not the same");
    Console.WriteLine("");

    // & - logical And operator
    // checks if both values are true
    bool firstBool = true;
    bool secondBool = false;
    if (firstBool == true & secondBool == false)
        Console.WriteLine("both values have expected values");
    Console.WriteLine("");
    // && - conditional And operator
    // checks first value and proceeds to second only if first is false

    if (firstBool == false & secondBool == false)
    {
    }
    // no output will be written because first value is not as expected
    //and second value was not even inspected


    // | - logical or operator
    // checks all variables if atleast one is true
    if (firstBool == false | secondBool == false)
        Console.WriteLine("at least one variable has met our expectations");
    Console.WriteLine("");

    // || - conditional Or operator
    // checks first value and proceeds to second only if first is false
    if (firstBool == true || secondBool == false)
        Console.WriteLine("at-least one variable has met our expectations ");
    Console.WriteLine("");
    // ?? null-coalescing operator
    // returns right value if left is null 
    // or returns left value if left value is not null
    string leftValue1 = null;
    string rightValue1 = "right value";
    string result1 = leftValue1 ?? rightValue1;
        Console.WriteLine("{0} is a result",result1);
    Console.WriteLine("");

    string leftValue2 = "left value";
    string rightValue2 = null;
    string result2 = leftValue2 ?? rightValue2;
    Console.WriteLine("{0} is a result", result2);
    Console.WriteLine("");

    // x ? a : b
    // if x is true, return a
    // if x is false, return b
    int x = 88;
    int intResult = (x != 58) ? 10 : 11;
    Console.WriteLine("{0} is a result", intResult.ToString());
    Console.WriteLine("");


}

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public static void Main()

{

// ! - The logical negation operator

bool boolValue = false;

if (!boolValue)

Console.WriteLine("boolValue is equal to false");

Console.WriteLine("");

// ++ - The increment operator

// increments valuue by 1

// result depends on wich side of

// variable is ++ operator placed

double firstDoubleValue = 2.3;

double secondDoubleValue = 7.6;

Console.WriteLine(++firstDoubleValue);

Console.WriteLine(firstDoubleValue);

Console.WriteLine("");

Console.WriteLine(secondDoubleValue++);

Console.WriteLine(secondDoubleValue);

Console.WriteLine("");

// -- - the decrement operator

// same as the increment operator

// but this one subtracts value

Console.WriteLine(--firstDoubleValue);

Console.WriteLine(firstDoubleValue);

Console.WriteLine("");

Console.WriteLine(secondDoubleValue--);

Console.WriteLine(secondDoubleValue);

Console.WriteLine("");

// < - less than operator

if (firstDoubleValue < secondDoubleValue)

Console.WriteLine("firstDoubleValue is lesser value");

Console.WriteLine("");

// > - more than operator

if (firstDoubleValue < secondDoubleValue)

Console.WriteLine("secondDoubleValue is lesser value");

Console.WriteLine("");

// > - more than operator

int firstInt = 5;

int secoundInt = 5;

if (firstInt <= secoundInt)

Console.WriteLine("both values are the same");

Console.WriteLine("");

if (firstInt >= secondDoubleValue)

{

}

// no value will be printed

// equal operator

if (firstInt == secoundInt)

Console.WriteLine("both values are the same");

Console.WriteLine("");

// not equal operator

if (firstDoubleValue == secondDoubleValue)

Console.WriteLine("both values are not the same");

Console.WriteLine("");

// & - logical And operator

// checks if both values are true

bool firstBool = true;

bool secondBool = false;

if (firstBool == true & secondBool == false)

Console.WriteLine("both values have expected values");

Console.WriteLine("");

// && - conditional And operator

// checks first value and proceeds to second only if first is false

if (firstBool == false & secondBool == false)

{

}

// no output will be written because first value is not as expected

//and second value was not even inspected

// | - logical or operator

// checks all variables if atleast one is true

if (firstBool == false | secondBool == false)

Console.WriteLine("at least one variable has met our expectations");

Console.WriteLine("");

// || - conditional Or operator

// checks first value and proceeds to second only if first is false

if (firstBool == true || secondBool == false)

Console.WriteLine("at-least one variable has met our expectations ");

Console.WriteLine("");

// ?? null-coalescing operator

// returns right value if left is null

// or returns left value if left value is not null

string leftValue1 = null;

string rightValue1 = "right value";

string result1 = leftValue1 ?? rightValue1;

Console.WriteLine("{0} is a result",result1);

Console.WriteLine("");

string leftValue2 = "left value";

string rightValue2 = null;

string result2 = leftValue2 ?? rightValue2;

Console.WriteLine("{0} is a result", result2);

Console.WriteLine("");

// x ? a : b

// if x is true, return a

// if x is false, return b

int x = 88;

int intResult = (x != 58) ? 10 : 11;

Console.WriteLine("{0} is a result", intResult.ToString());

Console.WriteLine("");

}

Certainly there are some more operators, but we will explain them as we go!

In this post we will cover some basic value types that we use in our everyday work, such as int, double,and bool.
Before we begin with data types you should be familiar with variables. Variables are nothing more than name given to a memory that our programs can manipulate. Value types store values inside variables that are stored in side stack. Stack and heap will be covered in post where we will compare Value and Reference types. For now, all you need to know is that every value type variable has its value stored in its own place inside memory, and when you assign value from one value type to another you create copy of that variable.
By now you must have heard that you must Assign variable, Initialize variable and declare variable. What do these terms stand for?

First of, variable can be initialized

//datatype followed by a name we wish to give our newly created variable
bool myBool;

1 2	//datatype followed by a name we wish to give our newly created variable bool myBool;

Secondly, variable can be declared

//name of variable that we wish to declare
//=
//then we call default constructor for bool type
myBool = new bool();

//or simply 
bool = false;

//name of variable that we wish to declare

//=

//then we call default constructor for bool type

myBool = new bool();

//or simply

bool = false;

Lastly, variable can be assigned value

//we create a new variable of type Boolean and call default constructor for bool type
var bool = new bool();

//or simply
var bool = false;

//we create a new variable of type Boolean and call default constructor for bool type

var bool = new bool();

//or simply

var bool = false;

Basic mathematical operations with value types

(Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division)

Be warned that it is recommended to use same data types when performing these kind of operations, soon you will find why.

Addition

Lets start by adding two integers together.

int firstNumber = 1;
int secondNumber = 2;
int result = firstNumber + secondNumber;
Console.WriteLine(result);
Console.ReadLine();

int firstNumber = 1;

int secondNumber = 2;

int result = firstNumber + secondNumber;

Console.WriteLine(result);

Console.ReadLine();

Try running this code and result will be “3”.

Now try changing secondNumber value to 2.2, you will get compiler warning “Cannot implicitly convert type ‘double’ to ‘int’.” Following actions can be performed depending on your desired outcome:

I want my result to be an integer:

int firstNumber = 1;
int secondNumber = (int)2.2; //we cast number 2.2 into integer data type
int result = firstNumber + secondNumber;
Console.WriteLine(result); // result will be 3
Console.ReadLine();

//Alternative option

int firstNumber = 1;
int secundNumber = Convert.ToInt32(2.2); // we use Convert.ToInt32 Method to convert value to integer data type
int result = firstNumber + secondNumber;
Console.WriteLine(result); // result will be 3
Console.ReadLine();

int firstNumber = 1;

int secondNumber = (int)2.2; //we cast number 2.2 into integer data type

int result = firstNumber + secondNumber;

Console.WriteLine(result); // result will be 3

Console.ReadLine();

//Alternative option

int firstNumber = 1;

int secundNumber = Convert.ToInt32(2.2); // we use Convert.ToInt32 Method to convert value to integer data type

int result = firstNumber + secondNumber;

Console.WriteLine(result); // result will be 3

Console.ReadLine();

Difference between these two approaches is that first one will always throw Exception but second one will throw exception only if value is greater than Int32.MaxValue (2,147,483,647) or less than Int32.MinValue (-2,147,483,648).

I want my result to be an double

int firstNumber = 1;
double secondNumber = 2.2; //we must change datatype of our variable to double
double result = firstNumber + secundNumber; // because we want our result to contain decimal values we have to change this variables datatype to double
Console.WriteLine(result); //result is 3.2
Console.ReadLine();

int firstNumber = 1;

double secondNumber = 2.2; //we must change datatype of our variable to double

double result = firstNumber + secundNumber; // because we want our result to contain decimal values we have to change this variables datatype to double

Console.WriteLine(result); //result is 3.2

Console.ReadLine();

Subtraction, multiplication, and division

Same as addition, but instead of “+” operator we use “-“, “*” and “/” operators.

Thank you for following me this far! Our next lesson will be Eumerations.

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CategoryImplement program flow

Operators

Value Types Part 1

Basic mathematical operations with value types

Addition

Subtraction, multiplication, and division